Thursday, 19 January 2012

Sperm 411: 7 Little Known Things That Can Affect Sperm

When it comes to making babies, both the quantity and quality of sperm your partner produces matters. An average ejaculation contains about 180 million sperm (about 66 million per ml). When semen is analyzed doctors look at more than just how much semen is ejaculated. The amount of semen produced per ejaculation can vary quite a bit, anywhere from 1-6 ml of semen per ejaculation is considered normal. Likewise, the amount of sperm produced during an ejaculation can vary greatly. The quantity of sperm in a semen sample – or sperm count – is measured per ml; 20-150 million sperm per ml is considered normal. A sperm count below 20 million per ml indicates a low sperm count and could result in infertility.

While your guy may produce millions of sperm during an ejaculation only a handful of them – about 200 sperm – are hardy enough to make it past the cervix and travel far enough up the fallopian tube to fertilize the egg. With this in mind, let’s take a closer look at some things that can affect a man’s sperm.

Some basic info about sperm:
Sperm are produced in the man’s testes, mature in the epididymis, and finally travel through the vas deferens and out through the urethra during an ejaculation. This process takes about 75 days.
Sperm makes up only a small percentage of what is ejaculated.
Healthy sperm can live up to 5 days inside the woman’s vagina.
20 million sperm per ml (or higher) of semen is considered normal.
Some abnormal sperm are usually found in most semen samples. As long as 40% or more are shaped correctly, this is considered normal.
They don’t call sperm swimmers for no reason. A normal sperm moves in a forward direction. A man is most likely fertile if at least half of his sperm are forward moving “swimmers”.
Things that can affect a man’s sperm
You probably know about some of the biggies like smoking, alcohol, illicit drug use or hot tubs impairing a man’s fertility but here are a few things you may not know about:

1. Morning sex = higher sperm count: If you are trying to conceive, time intercourse when his sperm count is at its highest. Researchers have found that men generally have a higher sperm count in the mornings. Men’s sexual interest may be higher in the mornings as well.

2. His weight matters: Women are not the only ones who have weight related fertility issues. Men who are overweight or underweight are more likely to have problems with infertility. Having too much or too little body fat may affect a man’s hormone levels. Scientists in one Finnish study found that a 20 lb weight gain may increase a man’s chance of being infertile by 10 percent.

3. Have more sex not less: Men with low sperm counts are often advised to abstain from sex in order to improve their sperm count, but new research suggests that while this may improve sperm count, too much abstinence can damage the DNA of the sperm that is produced. Australian researchers have found that having daily sex actually improves the quality, if not the quantity of sperm. The thought behind this is that regular ejaculations get rid of the old sperm and make way for newer healthier sperm.

4. Folic acid is not only good for the goose, but it is also good for the gander. Most women know that taking a folic acid supplement is important during childbearing years because it can prevent certain birth defects. You may not have known that it is also important for men to eat a diet containing folic acid. A recent study by researchers at the University of California, Berkley found that men who had lower levels of folic acid (or folate) in their diets had a higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities in their sperm.

5. Avoid soy products. A recent study published by Oxford University Press’s online publication Human Reproduction, suggests that eating a diet high in soy foods could cause men to have a lower sperm count. According to the study, men who ate soy foods were more likely to have lower sperm counts (although not necessarily abnormally low) than men who did not eat soy.

6. Skip the lubricants. Lubricants can impede the movement of sperm. A woman’s cervical mucous is designed to help transport sperm, but many commercial lubricants have the opposite effect. Lubricants like KY Jelly, baby oil, or petroleum jelly have been shown to slow down or damage sperm. Saliva can also damage sperm. One lubricant that is okay to use is Pre-seed. According to one study in the ASRM’s journal of Fertility and Sterility, Pre-seed was not shown to harm or slow down sperm.

7. Watch out for cell phones and lap tops. There have been a few studies that have shown that excessive use of lap tops or cell phones can cause sperm damage. Lap tops, if placed on a man’s lap, get hot over time. The increase in scrotal temperature may have a negative effect on a man’s sperm if he keeps a lap top sitting on his lap for extended periods of time. Similarly, cell phone emissions might also cause sperm damage. Keeping a cell phone in a close proximity to a man’s scrotum could potentially cause a decrease in sperm quality, according to a small research study from the Cleveland Clinic.

Wednesday, 18 January 2012

Reflux Symptoms in Babies

Acid reflux, or “spitting up,” is very common among infants. Because the ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach (lower esophageal sphincter) is not yet mature in infants, it is unable to effectively hold stomach contents down. Spit up can also occur when your baby simply drinks too much and too fast, creating air bubbles in the esophagus which push liquid up and out of baby’s mouth.

Reflux symptoms
Although infant acid reflux most often occurs after feeding, it can happen anytime your baby coughs, cries or strains. Signs and symptoms of infant acid reflux include:

spitting up
irritability during or after feedings
coughing
wheezing
refusing to eat
crying when placed on his or her back, especially after a feeding
in severe cases, your baby may arch his or her back while crying and this may look like your baby is having a seizure.
To minimize reflux, consider these tips:
Feed your baby in an upright position. Follow each feeding with 15 to 30 minutes in a sitting position. Gravity helps stomach contents stay down. Be careful not to jostle or jiggle your baby while the food is settling.
Try smaller, more frequent feedings.
Frequent burps during and after each feeding can keep air from building up in your baby's stomach. To burp, sit your baby upright, supporting his or her head with your hand. Avoid burping your baby over your shoulder, which puts pressure on your baby's abdomen.
If you're using a bottle, make sure the hole in the nipple is the right size. If it's too large, the milk will flow too fast. If it's too small, your baby may get frustrated and gulp air. A nipple hole that's the right size will allow a few drops of milk to fall out when you hold the bottle upside down.
Ask your doctor about thickening your baby’s formula or breast milk. If your doctor approves, add a small amount of rice cereal to your baby's formula or expressed breast milk. You may need to enlarge the hole in the nipple to make sure your baby can drink the thickened liquid.
When to be concerned
If your baby spits up, but is happy and smiling, you shouldn’t worry as most cases clear up on their own around 12 to 18 months of age, without causing problems for your baby.

Some symptoms, however, may indicate more serious conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or pyloric stenosis. Contact your doctor right away if your baby has any of these symptoms:

Isn't gaining weight
Repeatedly spits up forcefully, causing stomach contents to shoot out of his or her mouth
Spits up green or yellow fluid
Spits up blood or a material that looks like coffee grounds
Repeatedly resists feedings
Has blood in his or her stool
Has other signs of illness, such as fever, diarrhea or difficulty breathing
Begins vomiting at age 6 months or older
Severe abdominal pain

Silent Reflux in Infants (Laryngopharyngeal Reflux)

Infant reflux is what happens when a baby spits up. Silent reflux (also known as laryngopharyngeal reflux or LPR) is very similar, but the baby doesn't actually spit up, because he's able to swallow the stomach contents. The problem is that the stomach contents are acidic, so it burns on the way up and back down. Since the baby doesn't spit up, silent reflux is harder to recognize when it happens. Babies are prone to reflux because the sphincter that holds food in their stomach is undeveloped, and they have such a short esophagus. They also spend a lot of time lying on their backs, which doesn't help.

Symptoms of Silent Reflux in Infants
Chronic cough
Sour breath and wet-sounding burps
Sudden bouts of intense crying
Trouble breathing or asthma-like symptoms
Baby pauses while breathing (apnea), or breathes noisily
Difficulty feeding
Frequent hiccups
Spitting up
Inhaling food
Hoarse voice
Difficulty gaining weight
The esophagus and throat aren't equipped to deal with stomach acid, and silent reflux can lead to irritation or even internal damage if it continues. It can cause problems with the baby's ears, either in the form of multiple ear infections or a buildup of fluid in the middle ear. The baby can develop contact ulcers from the stomach acid, and silent reflux can also cause the area below the vocal cords to become narrower.

Colic vs. Silent Reflux
The crying that's associated with silent reflux is often mistaken for colic. Infant colic is a condition in which a baby that otherwise appears healthy cries for an extended period of time. The medical community is divided over whether silent reflux is actually a cause of colic. Between 40 and 60 percent of all babies experience silent reflux in the first months of their life, so there seems to be some support for that theory. However, colic tends to only last from about the 6 week age mark until the baby is about 3 or 4 months old. Silent reflux symptoms can last for several weeks longer, so many doctors think the link might not be that solid.

Diagnosing Silent Reflux
The doctor will do a physical exam of the baby to diagnose silent reflux. He'll check for symptoms and ask you what you've seen as well. There are a couple of tests that can be done to confirm the diagnosis. One is to do an endoscopic exam. The doctor uses a viewing scope to take a look at the baby's vocal cords and throat for signs of stomach acid. The other method is called pH monitoring. The doctor runs a catheter through the baby's nose and down into the esophagus. The catheter has a monitoring device on the end, which will watch for stomach acid. The catheter is kept in place for 24 hours, and the device records its findings over that period. The presence of stomach acid shortly after feedings will indicate that silent reflux is the problem.

Treating Silent Reflux
The first options that doctors will recommend for dealing with silent reflux will require some dietary changes for the mother and the baby. The mother's diet is often a culprit, because what she eats is passed on through breastfeeding. Altering the mother's food intake can sometimes help clear the problem up. This isn't easy, though, because it's difficult to know exactly what foods are triggering the reflux in the baby. Dairy products are known to cause silent reflux in babies, so the doctor may recommend eliminating them completely for a couple of weeks to see how it impacts the baby. Foods like soy, wheat, coffee and citrus fruits can also contribute. The doctor will make recommendations for the mother to follow as best as she can.

The next step is to change how the mother feeds the baby. Giving the baby shorter feedings with smaller amounts can help with digestion. Doctors recommend feeding with the baby held up at an angle of 30 degrees or greater, and burping him thoroughly after feeding. If you're bottle feeding, try experimenting with different bottles. Try to keep the baby in an upright position for a half hour after feedings, but don't get him excited, because this can lead to reflux.

For more serious cases of silent reflux, a doctor might recommend medications. H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors are a couple of options that can help. Follow your doctor's instructions closely when using these. In a worst case scenario, the doctor might discover that the reflux is caused by an abnormality of some sort, usually in the sphincter connecting the stomach and esophagus. Surgery may be recommended to correct the problem.

Diaper Rash That Won't Go Away

Your baby has a diaper rash and you’ve tried all the conventional treatments but it still won’t go away. What should you do? If your baby has a diaper rash that doesn’t go away after a week with conventional treatments, you may need to call your pediatrician. Likewise, if your baby has a fever, diarrhea or illness, or if the rash has spread to other parts of his body you should make an appointment with your pediatrician.

Causes of persistent diaper rash
simple irritation (from sitting in urine or stools too long, or sensitivity to the urine or stools)
food sensitivities
yeast infection
bacterial infection (like staph or strep)
sensitivity to baby wipes
colon bacteria imbalance
cloth diaper sensitivities (to detergents or materials in cloth diapers)
For a persistent diaper rash you need to get to the bottom of what is causing the rash. It may take some time or experimenting to determine what is causing your baby’s diaper rash. However, because a diaper rash can be caused by a yeast or bacterial infection or other conditions, you should get your doctor to take a look at the rash if it has persisted for longer than a week.

Diaper rashes caused by an infection
A yeast infection rash looks different than an ordinary diaper rash. It is extremely red and you’ll see little raised bumps on the edges of the rash. As the rash spreads, you may see red “satellite” legions that look like red pimples and are further away from the main rash. A distinguishing characteristic of yeast rashes is that they are often seen in the folds and creases of the skin around the groin area.

If your baby has a bacterial infection you may see yellow bumps that may be filled with “puss” or you may notice crusty areas on your baby’s bottom. This is a sign of an infection that may require antibiotic treatment.

Other causes of persistent diaper rashes
Ammonia Dermatitis and feces breakdown: Sometimes a baby’s rash is caused simply by not keeping him dry enough. Some babies are sensitive to the ammonia that develops as their urine breaks down. This condition is known as ammonia dermatitis. Additionally, when urine turns into ammonia it creates a more alkaline environment. This can be problematic if your baby sits in urine and feces for too long. Enzymes found in feces cause the skin to break down. Since these enzymes thrive in an alkaline environment, a baby sitting in both urine and feces is more prone to skin break down. Changing your baby’s diaper frequently and controlling the pH level of your baby’s skin will help to clear up and prevent a diaper rash.

PH balance: Normally the pH of your baby’s skin is neutral to slightly acidic. Breastfed babies tend to have slightly acidic stools. Whereas formula fed babies’ stools tend to be slightly alkaline. This is one reason why formula fed babies are more prone to diaper rash. To improve the pH balance of your baby’s skin, try rinsing his bottom with a water and vinegar mixture. The vinegar will help to restore the proper pH balance of his skin. If your baby is using cloth diapers you can add a 1/4 to 1/2 cup of vinegar to your final rinse cycle when you wash his diapers to help as well.

Sensitivity to baby wipes: Some babies are very sensitive to the chemicals in baby wipes. You may be able to switch to wipes designed for sensitive skin, but if your baby is having problems with a persistent diaper rash, you should avoid wipes altogether until the rash clears up. You can just use a wash cloth with warm water to wipe with.

Digestive issues, food sensitivities, and colon health: Anything that alters the pH level of your baby’s urine or feces can cause diaper rash. Certain foods may cause your baby’s urine or stools to be more acidic or alkaline. An imbalance in either direction can be a problem. Acidic stools may cause a chemical burn-like rash; alkaline stools will cause the enzymes in feces to flourish, leading to skin break down.

If your baby has a food sensitivity, dairy is the likely culprit. It is one of the most common food sensitivities in babies. Babies that are sensitive to dairy may have green stools, mucus stools, or stools with blood in them. Naturally, these poorly digested stools can cause problems with skin break down and diaper rash. If your baby has started on solid foods, he may have issues tolerating some of the acidic foods as well. Foods like citrus fruits, apples, cherries, pears, prunes, peaches, strawberries and tomatoes are more acidic. If your baby’s rash appears shortly after starting solids, you may want to eliminate the acidic foods to see if the rash goes away. Your baby just may be more sensitive to these foods.

Natural Cold Remedies for Babies

Over the counter (OTC) cold and cough medicines should not be given to children under 6, and especially not to babies. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises doctors to always recommend more natural remedies for babies when they contract a cold. OTC medicines have been shown to have dangerous side effects in babies, and even if this doesn't happen, the medicines won't help your baby get over a cold sooner. You should always think carefully before you dose a young child or baby with OTC cold medicine. Here are some natural cold remedies you can try for your baby's symptoms:

Coughing
Breast milk is one of the best remedies any time your baby gets sick. It helps boost the baby's immune system, and transfers some of your resistance to the baby. Increase your feeding schedule to help your baby's cough.

A natural oil rub can also help sooth a cough. Mix 3 to 4 teaspoons of olive oil with 2 to 3 drops of eucalyptus, rosemary and peppermint oil. Rub the mixture on the baby's chest and back. This works especially well at night, because the rosemary can help the baby sleep while the eucalyptus eases the coughing.

Congestion
Congestion is simple to relieve with steam. You can simply stand in the bathroom and run a hot shower to make the air steamy. Stay in there for a few minutes with your baby, and it will help to clear her airway.

Another option is to give the baby a warm bath, and add a few drops of essential oils to the bathwater. Eucalyptus is a natural oil that helps to clear the airway, and you can also try sage or thyme drops. Running a humidifier in the baby's room can help keep the air moistened as well, which will relieve both coughing and congestion.

Runny Nose
Some saline drops and a bulb syringe are the way to go when your baby's nose is runny or clogged with mucous. Use a dropper to put a few saline drops into one nostril, and then use the rubber bulb syringe to suck the mucous out. Repeat on the other nostril. This is uncomfortable for the baby, but the relief from the runny nose will be quick, which is the goal.

Fever
A baby with a fever can be one of the scariest moments for parents. A fever is the body's way of naturally fighting off an infection, but if the baby's temperature gets too high, you'll want to take steps to relieve it. Ask your doctor about using either infant ibuprofen or a similar remedy for a fever. (Make sure you ask at a regular appointment with your pediatrician; babies tend to get fevers in the middle of the night, when you can't reach your doctor.)

When to Be Concerned
If your baby is 3 months old or less, you should give the doctor a call any time signs of sickness appear. A baby this young should not have a temperature above 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit. From 3 to 6 months, call the doctor if her fever gets above 101 degrees, and after 6 months, call the doctor if a fever climbs above 103 degrees.

You should also call the doctor if cold symptoms appear to be getting worse, or if a fever lasts longer than 2 days. Any significant change in the baby's feeding or sleeping habits during sickness should be cause for concern.

Tuesday, 17 January 2012

Best Sexual Positions for Getting Pregnant

If you’re looking for the best sexual positions to get pregnant, you probably won’t find any studies definitively proving that one position is better than another. Women can become pregnant in just about any sexual position – and in many cases, without even trying. However, if you want to give yourself an edge, it couldn’t hurt to make a few adjustments that might boost your chances for getting pregnant.

When you are trying to get pregnant, you want your partner’s sperm to get as close as possible to your cervix, and you want the sperm to stay in there for as long as possible to increase the chances that one of those little swimmers will make it all the way to your egg. The main idea is not to force the sperm to swim against gravity – i.e. you don’t want to be standing up or sitting up, because you want to give the sperm the easiest possible opportunity to get where it needs to go.

Missionary position
Probably the easiest way to do this is through the missionary position, with the man lying on top of the woman. This position allows for deep penetration, which will bring the sperm close to the cervix, and it has the added advantage of the woman already lying down so the ejaculate will stay inside your body longer. When you are finished, prop up your hips with a pillow, hug your knees close to your chest, and stay lying on your back for at least 15 minutes.

Other sexual positions
If the missionary position becomes too boring or routine, you can spice things up with a few variations. For instance, you don’t have to stay on the bed – you can always try things out on a couch, on the floor, or even in the back seat of your car (but make sure you stay clear of onlookers and respect local laws). Another idea is to lie on your back with your pelvis at the very edge of the bed. Your partner can stand in front of you (or kneel if your bed is lower). The advantage is, once you’re finished, you can stay right there on your back for 15 minutes or so to give the sperm an extra chance to get where they need to go.

Another position to try is the rear-entry position, with the man behind you while you are on your knees. This position allows for deep penetration, which is good for getting the sperm close to the cervix, and as an added benefit, many experts call it the best position if a woman has a tipped uterus. After you are finished, simply roll over so that you can lie on your back with your hips elevated.

If you find yourself getting to the point where it seems like you have been “trying too hard,” maybe you need to find a new way to rediscover closeness with your partner. One of the best positions for relaxing is spooning, where your partner curls up against your back and enters from behind. Even though the penetration may not be as deep, this position can be especially relaxing, and many people will tell you that’s a good thing if you’re trying to get pregnant. When you’re finished, you’re once again in a good position to roll over and lie on your back for a few minutes.

Again, there’s no definitive evidence that any one of these positions will be a magic solution, but there’s no harm in trying, and any position that helps the sperm get to where they need to go can’t hurt. But while you’re testing out these positions, remember to follow all of the other preconception recommendations so you can be sure you are maximizing your chances. And above all, don’t forget to have fun and enjoy this special time with your partner.

Clomid and Ovulation: Is Clomid Right for You?

Clomiphene citrate, also known by its brand names Clomid and Serophene, is a drug you have probably heard about. You may be curious how Clomid works and when you might need to take Clomid. Clomid is a fertility drug used to induce ovulation. It is the most commonly prescribed fertility drug. If you are having problems trying to get pregnant, you may be thinking about talking to your doctor about prescribing Clomid. How do you know if Clomid is right for you?

Clomid is an ovulation induction medication.
Not all women with fertility problems should take Clomid. Your doctor should screen you to see if Clomid is recommended. Couples that have been trying to conceive and have not gotten pregnant could have any number of problems. Proper testing and evaluation by a doctor is necessary to determine what is the best course of action for you. If you are not ovulating, ovulating irregularly, or have irregular periods Clomid may be recommended for you.

Normal Ovulation
During the first half of a normal menstrual cycle, follicles in your ovaries begin to mature and enlarge. Each of these follicles contains an egg. These follicles nurture the growing egg. As they mature, they produce estrogen. Estrogen levels are low in the beginning of your cycle.

Your body communicates with hormones. Low estrogen levels tell your body to produce GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone). GnRH is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of FSH and LH.

FSH, which stands for follicle stimulating hormone, does exactly what it sounds like, it stimulates the follicles to grow and mature. As they grow and ripen they produce more estrogen. This rise in estrogen triggers a release of LH, also known as an LH surge. When LH levels surge, it signals the mature egg to be released from the follicle. Ovulation occurs within 12-24 hours after the LH surge.

How does Clomid work to induce ovulation?
Clomid works by blocking estrogen receptors in the brain.

Hormones are your body’s way of communicating. Hormones attach to hormone receptors to communicate. Think of it like a puzzle piece that fits together. When estrogen attaches to its receptor cell in the hypothalamus it communicates and lets the brain know that estrogen levels are increasing. Clomid has a similar structure to estrogen. Clomid attaches to the receptor cell in the hypothalamus, which keeps the estrogen from attaching. Because the Clomid is blocking the receptors, they don’t get the signal from the estrogen and this essentially tricks your body into thinking there is not enough estrogen. Your body tries to kick up the production of estrogen by producing more GnRH. GnRH is what causes the release of FSH and LH. And FSH is what makes the follicles ripen and produce more estrogen. If the Clomid does what it is supposed to, your body will be tricked into producing more FSH and LH, which will hopefully cause your body to ovulate.

How do you know if you need Clomid?
Your doctor will want to see if you are ovulating normally. If you have an irregular cycle there is a good chance you are not ovulating normally. It is a good idea to keep a record of your cycle if you are trying to conceive. Keeping a bbt chart of your cycles will help your doctor determine whether or not you are ovulating. You may also want to use a fertility monitor. Fertility monitors, such as the Clear Blue Easy monitor, are a great way to determine if and when you are ovulating. If you are not ovulating or ovulating irregularly your doctor may order tests and/or prescribe Clomid.

Am I pregnant? How early can I test?

If you and your partner are trying to conceive, one of the hardest parts is the waiting. The infamous two week wait is enough to frustrate even the most patient woman. The question thus arises, do you need to wait two weeks? With advances in technology it is now possible to detect pregnancy from the convenience of your own home before you have even missed your period. How early you can test depends on the type of test you are using.

How pregnancy tests work
Whether you are having a blood test done in a lab or using a urine test as home, the both work by detecting the hormone hCG. There are several types of tests done in the lab that can detect hCG. Many doctors use the same type of test as the kits used in home pregnancy tests. These tests work by using a substance that changes color once it is bound to hCG. Blood tests can be used to determine the exact amount of hCG being produced by the woman whereas urine tests are limited to determining whether or not hCG is present at a high enough level to confirm pregnancy. A pregnancy test is considered positive if the hCG level is 5 mIU/L or above.

What is hCG and when will I begin producing it?
To understand how pregnancy tests work it is helpful to know what hCG is and the basics of early fetal development. HCG, or human chorionic gonadotropin, is produced very early in pregnancy and serves several functions to support the developing baby including stimulating progesterone and estrogen production.

As pregnancy begins, your baby goes through many phases of development. A woman's egg and man's sperm unite on fertilization to form what is technically now called a zygote. The zygote goes through rapid division eventually forming an outer layer called a trophoblast. The trophoblast will begin secreting hCG during early pregnancy. This does not occur until your baby implants into the uterus. Ovulation and fertilization typically occur midway through a woman's menstrual cycle, usually around 14 days after the start of menses. If fertilization occurs, the zygote will travel down the fallopian tube towards the uterine cavity. Around seven to nine days after fertilization, your baby will implant deep into the uterine wall. Your body will not begin producing hCG until then. Once your body has begun producing hCG you should be able to determine pregnancy through a home pregnancy test.

When is the earliest you can take a pregnancy test?
Newer home pregnancy tests detect very small amounts of hCG, some as low as 5 mIU/L. With these very sensitive tests, it is possible to test positive as early as seven days past ovulation. It is important to remember that implantation occurs anywhere from seven to ten days past ovulation and women produce varying amounts of hCG, eventually forming a pattern of doubling hCG amounts every two to three days. While it is possible to test positive as early as seven days past ovulation, there is also a good chance that implantation has not occurred yet or that you are not producing hCG at a high enough level to be detected by a home pregnancy test. For best results, it is still recommended to wait until a woman has missed her period or 14 days past ovulation. For those that just can't wait, the very earliest you should test is seven days past ovulation.

Friday, 13 January 2012

Unusual Pregnancy Symptoms: Metallic Taste During Pregnancy

Pregnancy hormones can do strange things to all parts of your body – even your taste buds. One of the more disconcerting symptoms that some women experience is a metallic taste in the mouth during pregnancy. When it begins – often in the first trimester – it can be surprising, uncomfortable, and annoying. Of course there’s nothing enjoyable about a metallic taste, but if it happens to you, take heart: You’re not alone, you can take small steps to mitigate the effect, and it won’t last forever.

Doctors have a range of different theories about what causes this change in taste, also known as dysgeusia. In general, this uncomfortable sensation is most likely due to a fluctuation in hormone levels, particularly estrogen, which can affect your sense of taste. You may be experiencing a heightened awareness of the bitter taste sensation, which causes you to detect trace amounts of ingredients in foods that you may never have noticed. It can also be due to an acute sense of smell, which can make you more aware of bitter tastes. Some doctors even believe that there is an evolutionary role built in to this sensation – that it may be your body’s way of getting you to put more of the right nutrients in your body.

If you’re experiencing this symptom, it’s a good idea to check with your health care provider so that he or she can rule out any specific illnesses. Your doctor may also decide to help you change you over to a different prenatal vitamin, or change the time of day that you take it. Even if you are sure that the prenatal vitamin is the cause of the metallic taste in your mouth, you should work with your doctor to find a vitamin that’s right for you. Don’t use it as an excuse not to take that all-important vitamin!

Beyond that, you may just need to experiment with what makes your mouth taste better. Some women find that eating sour or acidic foods helps wash away the metallic taste. If your stomach can handle it, spicy food often does a good job too.

If the problem is persistent throughout the day, you may try rinsing your mouth with a very weak salt solution or baking soda solution (1/4 teaspoon of baking soda for each cup of water) to neutralize the pH in your mouth. Some women find relief in brushing their teeth, using mouthwash, or even chewing sugar-free gum. The main point is to make sure that the metallic taste does not get in the way of your ability to maintain a healthy pregnancy diet.

As uncomfortable as it may be, the good news is that this symptom often subsides after a few weeks. And even if it persists, remember that like all other pregnancy side effects, it will be gone by the time you have your baby – and by that time, you’ll have plenty of other things to think about. So hang in there, do the best you can to keep yourself comfortable, and remember that this too will pass.

Creative Ways to Tell Your Husband that You're Pregnant

Disbelief, excitement, shock. Words can't describe the feeling you get when you see that pregnancy test turn positive for the first time. You've waited weeks, months, maybe years to see this result and you can't wait to tell your husband. You could just run to him exclaiming the news that you're pregnant or you could take the extra step to make this momentous announcement even that more special. Here are some creative ways to tell him that you are pregnant.

Dinner and a Present. If food is the way to your man's heart, then this is the way to go. Wrap up your positive pregnancy test like a little present and present it to him over his favorite meal. If your husband is an outgoing type, take him to his favorite restaurant and have the maitre'd bring the gift to the table after you've finished dinner. Your husband can share his jubilation with the patrons and staff, who inevitably will be thrilled for you. Chances are they might even include dessert on the house, you're eating for two now, so indulge! If you think your husband would prefer a more intimate setting, cook his favorite dinner and set the table with the good china you never have the occasion to use.

Propose Fatherhood. Why not recreate how your husband proposed marriage to you, but instead propose fatherhood? Take him back to where he popped the question and recreate the scene. Instead of a ring box, hand him a bracelet box with your positive pregnancy test inside and ask, "Will you be a father?"

Bun in the Oven. Sneak out of bed early one morning and put a batch of cinnamon buns in the oven to bake. Don't worry about baking these from scratch, the pre-prepared refrigerated ones from your grocery store will do just fine. When your husband wakes up and smells the irresistible aroma announce to him that, "Honey, we've got a bun in the oven!"

A Momento. Announce your pregnancy to your husband with a souvenier that he can keep on his desk or dresser. Take a picture of your positive pregnancy test and frame it with the words, "Positive proof that in nine months you will be the best dad around, just wait, you'll see."

A t-shirts even you can love. There's no double about it, men love printed t-shirts. While this can usually be the bain of us women, this can finally work in our favor. Give him a gift of a t-shirt that says, "Soon to be the World's Best Dad, " and watch his face light up. Now maybe you can retire one of his free concert t-shirts that you can't stand.

Start Saving. Is your husband in charge of the family finances? Buy him a piggy bank and put a note around it's neck that says, "Our Baby's College Fund -- Only 18 years and 9 months to save." Put this on his dresser and wait for him to find it. Don't be surprised if he comes running to you with a big hug....and a new household budget.

Sweet Tooth. Does your husband have a sweet tooth? Cater to his craving with your special message. Pick up your husband's favorite Chinese take out and swap out the fortune cookie message with your own message that says, "You will be a dad on xx/xx/xxxx (your due date)." Or have a fun afternoon at the paint-your- own-pottery store and make him an ice cream bowl that says, "You're going to be a dad!" Fill it up with his favorite ice cream and watch his reaction when he gets to the bottom.

Multi-media Momma. Are you computer saavy? These days making movies and pictures slideshows on your home computer is so user friendly. You can create a truely memorable pregnancy announcement by editing together some of your favorite photos and home movies together with the final message announcing your pregnancy and burn it to a DVD. Pop a bowl of popcorn for your husband to eat as he watches his new favorite flick.

No matter how you say it, either with humor, romance, or drama, telling your husband that he's going to be a dad will no doubt be a memorable event in your life. Good luck and congratulations!

I'm Pregnant - When Will I Start to Show?

If you are newly pregnant, you may be wondering when you will start to show. You may start to notice changes in your waistline early in your pregnancy, before anyone would even be able to tell that you were pregnant. You may feel like you are showing much sooner than you actually are. Your stomach may look a little bigger early in your pregnancy but to others you may just look like you have gained a few pounds. Every woman is different about this but most women start to show in their second trimester.

When do you start "showing" in pregnancy?
Some women start to show very early in their pregnancies. If you have been pregnant before, your uterus and abdominal muscles may be more relaxed. Your pregnant belly may seem to “pop out” right away. At eight weeks your uterus is about the size of a tennis ball. It is normally the size of a lemon. This is not a remarkable change in size but it may cause your clothes to feel a little snugger. During early pregnancy, you may feel bloated, similar to how you feel right before your period starts. This bloated feeling, constipation, or weight gain may result in you feeling like you are showing sooner than you actually are. You probably won’t be needing maternity clothes until you are closer to the start of your second trimester. However, some women start wearing maternity as early as ten weeks into their pregnancies.

If I start showing early does this mean anything?
If you start showing early in your pregnancy, this doesn’t necessarily mean anything. If this is not your first baby you may start to show sooner than you did with your previous pregnancy. It is possible that you could be pregnant with twins, but it is more likely related to weak abdominal muscles or bloating in early pregnancy. If you are measuring bigger than where you should be measuring, your doctor may order an ultrasound to find out why.

I am not showing, is something wrong?
If you don’t start showing for a while, this is nothing to worry about. If you are very thin, you may still be wearing your blue jeans for a while. Some women do not start to show until they are well into their second trimester or even the start of their third trimester. If you are overweight at the start of your pregnancy, you may not gain as much weight during your pregnancy and may not begin to show until later into your pregnancy.

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I'm Not Having Pregnancy Symptoms - Is This Normal?

You’re sure that you’re pregnant, but you don’t feel a thing. After all that you hear about the major changes that pregnancy brings, how could this be possible?

Surprisingly enough, not feeling any symptoms in the first few weeks or even months is somewhat common. Just as every woman’s body is different, every pregnancy is different too. Not every pregnant woman is going to experience all of the stereotypical symptoms (nausea, morning sickness, food cravings, bloating, gas). In fact, probably the most common symptom is feeling more tired than usual, and you may not even notice that symptom at all. (Remember that there are some women who get pregnant unexpectedly and don’t realize it for a few months.)

Most likely, if you’re having no symptoms, you’re either in the “two week wait” between ovulation and the expected first date of your menstrual period, or you’ve tested positive through a home pregnancy test and you are waiting to see a doctor. If you’re in one of these two categories (still waiting to have your pregnancy officially confirmed), the best advice is to be patient and wait – as hard as it may be – and take good care of yourself. Even if you’re not having symptoms right away, you probably will be able to tell soon enough if you are indeed pregnant.

On the other hand, if you have had your pregnancy confirmed by a doctor and you’re still not having pregnancy symptoms, you may simply be one of the “lucky” ones who makes it through her first trimester without nausea, exhaustion, bloating, or cravings. Even though this may give you anxiety because you’re wondering if the baby is OK, some women who have devastating morning sickness would probably trade places with you happily. It’s also possible that you are having other symptoms that are normal but not automatically associated with pregnancy. Pregnancy can make some women feel more energized, have a greater sex drive, or have an enormous appetite. Either way – if you feel nothing at all or if you feel better than ever – you might as well enjoy yourself, as long as you continue to follow all of the regular guidelines for prenatal health.

Some women who aren’t feeling many symptoms can find comfort in reading a book or online guide that tells them what is happening with their pregnancy week by week. This may allow you to feel more in tune with your body, even if you aren’t feeling changes directly.

Of course, no matter whether you are feeling symptoms or not, you should stay on schedule for your prenatal checkups so the doctor can make sure that your baby is doing well. And if you are experiencing anything unusual – sharp pains or bleeding – make sure you get the doctor to check it out. Chances are everything will be fine, and you’ll be feeling little kicks and developing a nice round pregnancy belly before you know it.

Pregnancy Trimesters Guide for First Time Moms

Congratulations on your pregnancy. You may have some questions about what to expect during your pregnancy, what is happening with your developing baby, and what you should be doing to prepare for childbirth. Here is a quick guide for first time moms on what to expect during a typical pregnancy.

First Trimester:
Mom: You will more than likely feel more tired. You may have some cramping or PMS symptoms around the time of your expected period. You may have problems with nausea, otherwise known as morning sickness. One of your first symptoms might be frequent urination. This is a common problem for many women during early pregnancy. Some women do not gain weight during the first trimester but most women gain about a pound a month during the first trimester.

Baby: By the end of your first trimester your baby will weigh about 1/2 ounce and measure about 3 inches long. You will be able to see your baby’s heartbeat via ultrasound by around your sixth week of pregnancy and you might hear your babies heartbeat with a doppler by the time you are nine to ten weeks along

Doctor’s Visits: During your first visit you can expect to answer a lot of questions about your medical history. Your doctor will usually do a pap smear and may do other lab tests. If you know when your last menstrual period was, your doctor will give you an estimated due date. You will most likely go for appointments once a month through your first trimester.

Second Trimester:
Mom: A lot of moms feel better during the second trimester. Morning sickness may be subsiding. You may have a little more energy than you did during your first trimester. You can expect to gain about a pound a week during your second trimester. You will most likely start showing in your second trimester, if you haven’t already. Sometime during the second trimester, you may start to feel your baby move. Don’t worry if you don’t feel your baby right away. Many first time moms don’t feel their babies move until they are about 20 weeks pregnant.

Baby: By the end of your second trimester your baby will weigh about 1 ½ to 2 lbs and be around 13 inches long. Your baby is beginning to look more like the person she will be when she is born. By the end of the second trimester all of your baby’s major organs are formed.

Doctor’s Visits: When you are around 15 weeks pregnant you will probably be asked if you would like to have a blood test (AFP screening) done to screen for neural tube defects or down syndrome. You may be given an ultrasound when you are around 18-24 weeks to check for any anatomic abnormalities. Your doctor may be able to determine your baby’s gender during this ultrasound. You will most likely continue to have appointments scheduled for once a month during your second trimester.

Third Trimester:
Mom: You may start feeling more uncomfortable during your third trimester. It may be difficult to get a good night’s sleep. It is harder to find a comfortable sleep position and you may be waking frequently to use the bathroom. You will gain weight at a faster pace during your last trimester. Expect to gain around a pound a week during the last part of your pregnancy. Towards the end of your pregnancy, as your cervix opens and your baby starts to descend, you may have more pelvic pressure and vaginal discharge. You might also have Braxton Hicks contractions. If you are in real labor your contractions will become regular and get closer together.

Baby: Your baby may seem to move around less during the third trimester as she runs out of room. At birth your baby weighs may weigh around 7 ½ lbs and about 20-22 inches long.

Doctor’s Visits: Your doctor will probably start seeing you every two weeks once you are 30 weeks pregnant. Then around 37 or 38 weeks he will start seeing you once a week. When you are around 37 or 38 weeks, your doctor may start to check your cervix to see if you are dilating or if your cervix is thinning out. Follow your doctor’s protocol on when to proceed to the hospital if you think you are in labor.

Wednesday, 11 January 2012

Natural Ways to Improve Fertility-Hydration

A woman’s cervix produces fluid known as cervical mucus. This fluid is similar to any other mucus in your body. When you are not adequately hydrated what happens? Your mouth gets dry, your skin is less elastic and healthy, and your mucus becomes dry. Naturally, drinking plenty of water will improve the quality and quantity of cervical mucus you produce. Fertile cervical mucus, the kind that is slippery, stretchy, and lubricative, is necessary for conception to take place.

Yoga, meditation, and relaxation therapy for improve your fertility

The most common advice couple’s hear when trying to conceive is to “just relax.” Could it be that simple? The truth is we don’t know how much stress impacts fertility, but new research indicates that relaxation therapy and stress reduction may be beneficial when trying to get pregnant. A recent study published in the June 2011 publication of Fertility and Sterility, showed that women who participated in a mind/body therapy program while undergoing IVF faired significantly better than women who did not. Fifty-two percent of the women in the mind/body program conceived, compared to only twenty percent of the women who did not participate in the program.

Caffeine: What’s bad for the goose may be good for the gander

Women trying to conceive should stay away from or limit caffeine intake. Scientists have found that women who consumed large amounts of caffeine (more than 2 cups of coffee a day) have more trouble getting pregnant than women who don’t drink caffeine. The same may not be true for men though. In men, caffeine may actually give sperm a boost. Brazilian researchers found that sperm motility was higher in men who drank coffee regularly than men who didn’t. However, other studies have shown caffeine to be harmful to male fertility, similar to the effect it has on women.

Natural Ways to Improve Fertility

Let’s start by assuming you are in good health, don’t smoke, abuse drugs or alcohol, and aren’t significantly overweight or underweight. If you smoke, have health conditions that need attention, or are over or underweight, you should work on these issues first as this will affect your fertility. Aside from being in good health though, there are other natural things you can do to improve your fertility and help you to get pregnant right now. Here are a few ideas of natural things you can do to improve your fertility.

Best Time to Get Pregnant

Everyone knows that it takes a sperm and an egg joining to get pregnant. Most people know that women release just one egg a month and that men release millions of sperm with each ejaculation. What people can’t seem to agree on is the best time for that one egg to be fertilized by a man’s sperm.

Here’s what we know. During each menstrual cycle, women have about 6 days in which they can get pregnant. This is known as the fertile window. A woman’s fertile window includes the five days before ovulation and the day of ovulation. These six days are the only days in a woman’s cycle when she can conceivably get pregnant.

When is the best day to get pregnant?

The fertile window explained: A man’s sperm can live for up to five days inside a woman’s reproductive tract. A woman’s egg only lives for about 12 hours after it is released. This means that a woman’s egg needs to be fertilized within this 12-hour time frame. Furthermore, freshly ejaculated sperm are not able to fertilize a woman’s egg. It takes time for a process known as capacitation to occur. Capacitation is series of changes that sperm go through once they are inside a woman’s reproductive tract that make sperm more mobile and allow them to penetrate the egg. It can take up to 10 hours for a man’s sperm to complete the capacitation process and be able to fertilize a woman’s egg. This is why the five days before ovulation are so important. Once ovulation takes place, sperm have a very brief window of time to fertilize the egg. Having mature sperm (sperm that have gone through the capacitation process already) ready for the waiting egg is the key to successful conception.

The day of ovulation: You might have heard or might believe that the best day to get pregnant is the day that a woman ovulates. It is important to know when you ovulate and to try to time intercourse close to ovulation, but the day of ovulation is not the best day to get pregnant. Researchers have studied the timing of sexual intercourse in relationship to ovulation in order to determine which days are the most likely to result in pregnancy. Surprisingly, according to research published in the Journal of Reproductive Medicine, what they found was that the day of ovulation was not the best day of a woman’s cycle to conceive

The day before ovulation:
Interestingly, the day before ovulation is actually a better day to conceive on than the day of. This may be because sperm that are ejaculated the day before ovulation have had time to mature and reach the egg.

Two days before ovulation: Even more interesting, researchers have found that a woman’s chance of conceiving two days before ovulation is just as likely, if not more likely, as the day before ovulation. What this means for couples trying to conceive is that timing intercourse to occur a couple days before ovulation and the day before ovulation will give them the greatest chance of conceiving.

What You Need To Know-A Becoming Dad

In all the excitement of announcing a pregnancy, the dad sometimes gets pushed aside. It’s as if the mother created the baby inside of her all by her lonesome.

Science is advanced, no debate there. But it’s not that advanced just yet.

Men are told that they have to be patient, gentle and understanding. They are bombarded with all this information about the changes your wife or girlfriend will be going through, both physical and emotional.

For the most part the media portrays fatherhood as an accident, an outcome of sex that men are aware of but are willing to take their chances with for the purpose of ‘getting some’. When it happens, the men who take responsibility for that outcome are applauded for ‘stepping up to the plate’.

Women are looked at as the ones who actively pursue getting pregnant. There’s apparently no male ‘biological clock’.

For the purposes of this article, we’ll be focusing more on a planned pregnancy and what you, the father, need to know when you decide to take that life changing step.

The reality is there are many men out there who want to become fathers. They get into relationships and marry fully intending to grow a family. Sometimes it’s easy, sometimes it’s not.

Let’s think about why you want to become a father? When you and your spouse talk about growing a family, does the idea fill you with excitement and happiness? You want to make sure you’re not doing this just to make your spouse happy. Regardless of whether you grew up in a happy home or not, do you want to have a child because you want to lavish the love and affection you may or may not have grown up with on this little human being and feel the pride of teaching them how to be strong, respectful and loving adults?

If you grew up in an abusive home, are you looking to this new baby to ‘fix’ your feelings in regards to your past? That’s a heavy burden to be placed on an infant’s shoulders. You might want to talk to a professional to help you work through your past and put those feelings to rest so you can bring this new life into your midst from a feeling of love and peace.

How ready are you? In every way, financially, emotionally, physically, if you want your baby to have the best start in life, you’d better be ready. A child will use up every reserve you have in the course of its care so that if you’re not prepared and not in a situation to replenish those reserves, you will be worn out before your baby’s first birthday.

Let’s look at your financial situation. You and your spouse have decided to try and get pregnant. Can you afford a child? Not just right now but for the next eighteen years? Are you in a stable job where you are making a good living with good prospects for a higher and higher position as the years go by? Do you enjoy what you do? If you’re in a job where you dread going in every morning, you might begin to see your child as a burden, making you stay in a job you hate so that you can support him or her.

What methods of birth control do you and your spouse use? If she’s on the pill you might have to give yourself a window of a few months for the contraceptive hormones to leave her system. If you’ve used condoms primarily you should be ready to go.

I say should because there’s an important irony to consider. By the time you are financially stable in your job to be able to support a child; your age might make it difficult to father a child. Most men become financially stable by their mid forties, current economy notwithstanding. Sperm count and motility also begin to diminish at this time. Once you and your wife have made the decision to become parents, you want to make sure you’re both in peak physical condition. This means no smoking and reducing your drinking, at least for the time you’re trying to conceive. If you’re in your mid forties or older, you might want to ask your doctor to run some fertility tests just to make sure there are no impediments to conception, and if there are, that they can be dealt with as early as possible.

Is your home ready for a baby invasion? I don’t mean baby proofing just yet. You won’t have to worry about that for at least a year or two. I mean is the home you’re in now, the home you want to raise your new family in or do you plan to move if you decide to have more children later? Is there enough room for a nursery? An extra bedroom? Is it a child friendly place that your little one/s will feel safe and happy in?

Are you ready to be a father to both a boy and a girl? There’s no more unsettling feeling than having a picture in your mind of playing ball with your boy and having to readjust that picture to include Barbies and tea parties instead.

Probably the biggest thing to consider when you decided to become a father is your relationship with your spouse. If there are problems in your marriage, a baby will not ‘fix’ these problems but exacerbate them. Your home needs to be a place of love and peace where your child can learn what it is to be respected and cherished, where he can flourish under your guiding hand to be a happy adult. Then and only then will you truly be ready to make the decision to become a father.

Cut Baby For U